Every summer, Morocco experiences periods of intense heat, sometimes exceeding 40°C in several regions of the Kingdom. While most people associate heatwaves with mere discomfort, their health consequences can be far more significant, particularly for the elderly, children, pregnant women, and those suffering from chronic illnesses.
During a heatwave, our body has to work harder to maintain its internal temperature. This constant adaptation can lead to dehydration, blood pressure problems, electrolyte imbalances, or even worsen certain pre-existing conditions.
In this context, certain biological tests make it possible to monitor general health and quickly detect any potential complications.
Why does heat pose a risk to the body?
The human body normally maintains its temperature around 37°C. When the outside temperature rises sharply, the body activates several defense mechanisms:
- increased perspiration;
- dilation of blood vessels;
- increased water consumption;
- increased strain on the kidneys.
If these mechanisms become insufficient, the body can quickly find itself in difficulty.
Early warning signs may include:
- unusual fatigue;
- headaches;
- dizziness;
- muscle cramps;
- feeling of weakness;
- decrease in urine output;
- accelerated heart rate.
In the most severe cases, heatstroke can occur and require urgent medical attention.
The most exposed people
Certain categories of people need to be particularly vigilant during heat waves:
Elderly people
With age, the sensation of thirst diminishes. Many elderly people become dehydrated without realizing it.
The children
Their bodies regulate body temperature less effectively and they lose water rapidly in hot weather.
Pregnant women
Pregnancy naturally increases water requirements and can exacerbate heat-related fatigue.
People suffering from chronic illnesses
Patients with:
- diabetes ;
- high blood pressure;
- kidney failure;
- cardiovascular diseases;
require special monitoring during the summer.
What biological tests should be monitored during a heatwave?
1. Kidney function
The kidneys play an essential role in the body’s fluid balance.
They are particularly in demand during periods of intense heat.
Recommended analyses include:
- Creatinine;
- Urea;
- Estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
These tests help to verify that the kidneys continue to function properly despite significant water loss.
2. Electrolytes
Sweating leads to a loss of many minerals essential for the proper functioning of the body.
The main electrolytes monitored are:
- Sodium;
- Potassium;
- Chloride.
An imbalance can cause:
- significant fatigue;
- muscle disorders;
- cramps;
- palpitations;
- dizziness.
3. Blood glucose
Heat can influence blood sugar balance, particularly in people with diabetes.
Blood glucose monitoring allows:
- to adapt the treatment if necessary;
- to avoid complications;
- to detect any potential imbalance.
Diabetic patients should pay particular attention to their hydration during periods of heatwave.
4. Complete Blood Count (CBC)
A complete blood count (CBC) is one of the most frequently prescribed tests.
It allows you to search for, among other things:
- anemia;
- an infection;
- inflammation;
- some signs of dehydration.
This analysis provides a comprehensive view of the patient’s overall condition.
5. Liver function tests
The liver participates in many essential functions of the body.
In some vulnerable people, high temperatures can exacerbate certain imbalances.
The tests that are usually prescribed are:
- ASAT;
- ALAT;
- Gamma GT.
6. Blood pressure
Even though it is not a laboratory analysis, monitoring blood pressure remains particularly important during heat waves.
Heat causes blood vessels to dilate, which can lead to:
- a drop in blood pressure;
- discomfort;
- dizziness.
In some hypertensive patients, a temporary adjustment of treatment may be considered by the treating physician.
When should a blood test be considered?
It is recommended to consult a healthcare professional if you experience:
- unusual fatigue;
- repeated bouts of dizziness;
- frequent cramps;
- a feeling of weakness;
- persistent headaches;
- a significant decrease in urine output;
- a worsening of a chronic illness.
A biological assessment can quickly identify the origin of the symptoms and prevent the situation from worsening.
How to prevent the effects of a heatwave?
Prevention remains the best way to protect your health.
Here are some simple recommendations:
Drink regularly
It is advisable to drink water throughout the day, even if you do not feel thirsty.
Avoid the hottest hours
Limit outings between 11am and 5pm when temperatures are highest.
Opt for a light diet
Fruits and vegetables rich in water contribute to good hydration.
Keeping your home cool
Close the shutters during the day and ventilate early in the morning or in the evening.
Monitor vulnerable people
Elderly people living alone require special attention during periods of extreme heat.
In conclusion
Heatwaves should never be taken lightly. Beyond the discomfort they cause, they can have real consequences on the body’s balance and promote certain medical complications.
Monitoring kidney function, electrolytes, blood glucose, and blood counts allows us to assess the impact of extreme heat on health and to act quickly if necessary.
In case of unusual fatigue, dizziness or signs of dehydration, do not hesitate to seek advice from your doctor or to have an appropriate check-up in order to preserve your health throughout the summer.